However, the heterogeneous neutralizing titers in different convalescent donors and the simultaneous transfer of other plasma components are drawbacks that hinder its wide use. Passive immunization using plasma from COVID-19 convalescent patients has been used as an alternative therapy ( Agarwal et al., 2020 Li et al., 2020 Zeng et al., 2020 Libster et al., 2021 Simonovich et al., 2021). However, the COVID-19 scenario seems to still be far from a solution, especially because of the lack of antiviral treatments for individuals infected by SARS-CoV-2 ( Long et al., 2020 Seow et al., 2020 Xu et al., 2020). Over the last 18 months (until September 2021), several vaccines have been developed, and 20 vaccines have been approved for human use in different countries ( Klasse et al., 2021 Sette and Crotty, 2021). Consequences for human health and for the global economy have been devastating. The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is an urgent health problem worldwide, especially in the Americas ( ). These results support the possibility of using equine F(ab’) 2 preparation for the clinical treatment of COVID patients. The neutralization curve by F(ab’) 2 was similar against the WT and P.2 variants, but displaced to higher concentrations by 0.39 log units against the P.1 (Gamma) variant. Challenge studies were carried out in hamsters and showed the in vivo ability of equine F(ab’) 2 to reduce viral load in the pulmonary tissues and significant clinical improvement determined by weight gain. Plasma from immunized animals was pepsin digested to remove the Fc portion and purified, yielding an F(ab’) 2 preparation with PRNT 90 titers 150-fold higher than the neutralizing titers in human convalescent plasma. Serum antibody titers measured by ELISA were above 1:10 6, and the neutralizing antibody titer against authentic virus (WT) was 1:14,604 (average PRNT 90). We used the recombinant trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein in the prefusion conformation to immunize horses for the production of hyperimmune globulins against SARS-CoV-2. New Learning Center video Part 2: Safe Sport Investigations, Interim, Measures, and Final Determinations New Learning Center video Part 1: Safe Sport Reporting, Training, and Resources USEF has created a variety of resources to assist and aid members with taking the training. Riders, owners, and trainers 18 or older must have completed the USEF SafeSport training. If you are riding Beginner Novice and above, all USEA memberships for the rider, horse, and owner must be up to date If you are riding Prelim ALL USEA and USEF memberships for the rider, horse, and owner MUST be up to date. Provide your Coggins and health certificate if you’re coming from out of state. Don’t forget to provide your horse’s TIP number (if they qualify) Thoroughly review the Omnibus for full details about the event. Register through USEA's Xentry website by scrolling to Golden Spike Horse Trials on 6/12-13 and click "select event." Entries received after the closing date MAY be accepted with a $25 late fee, if space is available. We will have a waiting list for entries received after we reach capacity. Our course utilizes terrain changes to pose the kind of questions that riders need to face in order to be successful at moving up at other USEA recognized events and championships.įull registration includes Dressage, Stadium Jumping and Cross-Country jumping competitions. Celebrating over 30 years of competition at our beautiful venue, the Golden Spike Horse Trials is excited to offer a challenging experience for eventers June 12-13, 2021.
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